Reconsiderar la globalización: otra vez la cuestión agraria

Philip McMichael

Resumen


La cuestión agraria, como la mayor parte de los asuntos acerca de la trayectoria del desarrollo (capitalista), se trataba como una cuestión nacional de un proceso nacional. El presente artículo critica esa posición y sostiene, con Karl Polanyi, que la cuestión agraria clásica era una interpretación nacional de un proceso global. El proceso de globalización en curso imprime a la cuestión agraria otro carácter y otros problemas. La organización capitalista de la agricultura es un proceso político central en la dinámica de un sistema estatal en evolución (comprendidas las instituciones supranacionales). La discusión sitúa los acontecimientos agrícolas en la dinámica contradictoria de los dos principales periodos del capitalismo mundial de este siglo: el movimiento nacional (desarrollista) y el global. La crisis del desarrollismo coincide con la del régimen alimentario posterior a la segunda Guerra Mundial; actualmente está produciendo nuevos movimientos sociales que combinan asuntos de tenencia de la tierra con los de los alimentos y el ambiente, lo cual revierte el antiagrarismo del paradigma productivista o del desarrollo.

Palabras clave


cuestión agraria; globalización; desarrollismo; Karl Polanyi; organización capitalista de la agricultura; Segunda Guerra Mundial; movimientos sociales; antiagrarismo.

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Referencias


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/iis.01882503p.1998.4.60672

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